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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Thyroid function and cancer risk: a prospective population study.

Alf Inge Hellevik1, Bjørn Olav Asvold, Trine Bjøro

  • 1Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
|January 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below normal may increase cancer risk, particularly for lung and prostate cancers. This study found no increased cancer risk associated with low TSH levels, suggesting hyperthyroid function is linked to higher cancer incidence.

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Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Thyroid function's potential role in cancer risk is debated.
  • Previous studies lack sufficient statistical power and show inconsistent results regarding thyroid function and cancer incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between thyrotropin (TSH) levels and cancer risk.
  • To determine if thyroid function influences the risk of developing specific cancers, including lung, colon, prostate, and breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 29,691 participants without prior thyroid disease.
  • Baseline thyrotropin measurement and 9-year cancer incidence follow-up.
  • Cox regression analysis to assess hazard ratios for cancer risk across TSH categories, adjusted for age, sex, and smoking.

Main Results:

  • Low thyrotropin levels (<0.50 mU/L) were linked to a 34% increased overall cancer risk (HR, 1.34).
  • This elevated risk was primarily driven by lung cancer (HR, 2.34) and prostate cancer (HR, 1.97).
  • Excluding the initial 2 years of follow-up strengthened the association for lung and prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Thyrotropin levels indicating hyperthyroid function are associated with elevated cancer risk.
  • Specifically, hyperthyroid function correlates with increased risks of lung and prostate cancer.
  • Hypothyroid function did not appear to be associated with an increased risk of cancer.