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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Mapping the epigenome--impact for toxicology.

Jennifer Marlowe1, Soon-Siong Teo, Salah-Dine Chibout

  • 1Novartis Pharma AG, Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland. jennifer.marlowe@novartis.com

EXS
|January 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Technological advances in epigenome mapping offer new ways to study how epigenetic modifications link to human diseases and drug effectiveness. These epigenomic profiling tools can reveal long-lasting cellular changes relevant to drug safety and disease susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Drug Safety Science

Background:

  • Recent technological advancements enable detailed epigenome mapping and characterization.
  • Epigenetic modifications are increasingly linked to human diseases and drug targets.
  • Xenobiotic-induced epigenetic changes are well-studied in non-genotoxic carcinogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between epigenetic modifications, human diseases, and pharmaceutical drug potential.
  • To highlight the application of epigenomic profiling in drug safety sciences.
  • To investigate the molecular basis of long-lasting cellular perturbations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced technological approaches for epigenome mapping.
  • Characterizing the epigenome to understand its role in disease.
  • Applying epigenomic profiling technologies to drug safety studies.

Main Results:

  • New opportunities arise for studying epigenetics in relation to disease and drug therapies.
  • Growing evidence supports the role of epigenetic mechanisms in various disease areas.
  • Epigenomic profiling offers insights into cellular memory and transgenerational effects.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenomic profiling technologies have significant potential in drug safety sciences.
  • Understanding epigenetic perturbations is crucial for addressing disease susceptibility and toxicity.
  • These technologies can illuminate the molecular underpinnings of long-term cellular responses to exposures.