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Meningococcal meningitis in Italy: 1887-1986
D Ballada1, G Ventura, M Tumbarello
1Servizi Igiene Pubblica Ministero della Sanita, Roma, Italy.
Abstract:
In Italy three epidemic peaks of meningococcal meningitis have occurred reflecting pandemic recrudescence of the disease. The seasonal distribution of the disease is similar in the epidemic or non-epidemic periods. There is no significant difference in the regional distribution of the disease. The disease is more prevalent among young males. The prevalent serogroup of Neisseria meningitidis is C. There has been a decrease in resistance to sulphonamides and an increase to rifampin among the isolated strains.
Insights
Meningococcal meningitis in Italy shows three epidemic peaks, with young males most affected. Serogroup C is prevalent, and antibiotic resistance patterns are shifting.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Meningococcal meningitis represents a significant public health concern, characterized by periodic epidemic outbreaks.
- Understanding the epidemiological patterns and causative agents is crucial for effective disease control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the epidemiological trends of meningococcal meningitis in Italy.
- To identify demographic, seasonal, and regional patterns of the disease.
- To determine the prevalent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup and antibiotic resistance profiles.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of epidemiological data on meningococcal meningitis cases in Italy.
- Examination of seasonal and regional distribution patterns.
- Identification of prevalent serogroups and assessment of antibiotic resistance, including sulphonamides and rifampin.
Main Results:
- Three major epidemic peaks of meningococcal meningitis have been observed in Italy, indicating pandemic recrudescence.
- Disease distribution shows similar seasonal patterns irrespective of epidemic status and no significant regional variations.
- Young males are disproportionately affected by the disease.
- Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C is the predominant strain identified.
- A decrease in sulphonamide resistance and an increase in rifampin resistance were noted in isolated strains.
Conclusions:
- Meningococcal meningitis in Italy exhibits distinct epidemic cycles and demographic predilections.
- Serogroup C and evolving antibiotic resistance patterns necessitate ongoing surveillance and potential adjustments in treatment strategies.