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Relationship between processing speed and executive functioning performance among OEF/OIF veterans: implications for

Lonnie A Nelson1, Ruth E Yoash-Gantz, Treven C Pickett

  • 1Mental Health Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

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Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show poorer processing speed and executive functioning. Comorbid PTSD significantly impacts cognitive performance in mTBI patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Military Medicine

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans.
  • This clinical presentation poses significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate processing speed and executive functioning in OEF/OIF veterans with mTBI.
  • To examine the impact of comorbid PTSD on these cognitive functions in mTBI patients.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-three OEF/OIF veterans with a history of mTBI were assessed.
  • Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III, Stroop tasks, and Trail Making Test.
  • Effort testing was conducted to ensure data validity.

Main Results:

  • Processing speed measures significantly predicted performance on executive functioning tasks, explaining substantial variance.
  • Veterans with comorbid PTSD (+TBI/+PTSD) demonstrated significantly poorer performance on Stroop Color and Stroop Color-Word tasks compared to mTBI-only veterans (+TBI/-PTSD).
  • Significant differences in processing speed and executive functioning were observed based on the presence of PTSD.

Conclusions:

  • Processing speed is a critical factor influencing executive functioning in veterans with mTBI.
  • Comorbid PTSD exacerbates cognitive deficits in processing speed and executive functions among mTBI patients.
  • Findings suggest the need for integrated treatment approaches for comorbid mTBI and PTSD.