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Treatment for amphetamine psychosis.

Steven J Shoptaw1, Uyen Kao, Walter Ling

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, University of California, 10880 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 540, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. sshoptaw@mednet.ucla.edu

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This review found one study on amphetamine psychosis treatments. Newer antipsychotic olanzapine effectively treated symptoms and was better tolerated than older haloperidol.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chronic amphetamine use can lead to paranoia and hallucinations.
  • Dopamine antagonists have been traditionally used for amphetamine psychosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the risks, benefits, and costs of treatments for amphetamine psychosis.

Main Methods:

  • Searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and CENTRAL databases (up to 2008).
  • Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical trials (CCTs) evaluating treatments for amphetamine psychosis.
  • Two authors independently extracted data, using Relative Risk (RR) and Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) for analysis.

Main Results:

  • One RCT involving 58 participants met the inclusion criteria.
  • Both olanzapine and haloperidol effectively resolved psychotic symptoms.
  • Olanzapine demonstrated significantly better safety and tolerability, with fewer extrapyramidal symptoms, than haloperidol.

Conclusions:

  • Antipsychotic medications are effective for amphetamine psychosis symptoms.
  • Newer olanzapine is more tolerable than older haloperidol, despite higher cost.
  • Further research is needed on conventional antipsychotics, newer antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and naturalistic studies.