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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

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Enhance airway patency
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Reinstatement of Drug-seeking in Mice Using the Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm
08:29

Reinstatement of Drug-seeking in Mice Using the Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm

Published on: June 7, 2018

Relapse prevention interventions for smoking cessation.

Peter Hajek1, Lindsay F Stead, Robert West

  • 1Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, Turner Street, London, UK, E1 2AD.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|January 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behavioral interventions show no clear benefit in preventing smoking relapse. Extended varenicline treatment may help, but more research is needed for nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion effectiveness.

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A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
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Published on: June 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Behavioral science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Many smokers relapse after quitting, necessitating effective relapse prevention strategies.
  • Existing treatments aid initial cessation but long-term maintenance remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of specific interventions in preventing relapse among recent smokers.
  • To assess whether relapse prevention strategies reduce the rate of return to smoking.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Searched Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register for relapse prevention studies with at least six months follow-up.
  • Included trials comparing interventions to control groups or cessation programs with added relapse prevention components.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-four studies met inclusion criteria; heterogeneity noted.
  • Behavioral interventions, including skills-based methods, showed no significant benefit in preventing relapse across various populations.
  • Extended varenicline treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in relapse in one trial; bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) showed mixed or non-significant results.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient evidence supports specific behavioral interventions for preventing smoking relapse.
  • Extended varenicline treatment may be effective in relapse prevention.
  • Further research on extended nicotine replacement therapy is warranted; bupropion's clinical impact appears limited.