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The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
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The vaginal microflora in relation to gingivitis.

Rutger Persson1, Jane Hitti, Rita Verhelst

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Div of Oral Microbiology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. rutger.persson@zmk.unibe.ch

BMC Infectious Diseases
|January 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and gingivitis are linked, with higher vaginal bacterial counts observed in women with both conditions. Prevotella species may play a key role in this association, suggesting a potential systemic link.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Periodontology
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background:

  • Gingivitis and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • This study investigates the relationship between bacterial load in BV and the presence of gingivitis, exploring potential systemic infectious susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between bacterial counts in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and the presence of gingivitis.
  • To explore if elevated vaginal bacterial loads in BV correlate with gingival inflammation, indicating a potential systemic link.

Main Methods:

  • Vaginal samples from 180 women were analyzed using DNA-DNA checkerboard hybridization for 74 bacterial species.
  • Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed using the Nugent criteria, and gingivitis was defined by bleeding on probing at >= 20% of tooth sites.
  • Semi-quantitative DNA-DNA checkerboard hybridization assay was employed for bacterial species identification and quantification.

Main Results:

  • Women diagnosed with BV were significantly more likely to have gingivitis (p = 0.01).
  • Higher vaginal bacterial counts for 38/74 species were observed in BV-positive women compared to BV-negative women.
  • Prevotella bivia and Prevotella disiens showed significantly higher counts in women with both BV and gingivitis, and were strongly associated with both conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated vaginal bacterial counts are present in women with both BV and gingivitis compared to those with BV alone.
  • Prevotella bivia and Prevotella disiens are implicated as significant bacteria in the relationship between vaginal and gingival infections.
  • Findings suggest a potential systemic infectious susceptibility linking vaginal dysbiosis and periodontal disease.