Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stages of Sleep

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:

Understanding Sleep

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...

Management of Insomnia

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...

Sleep Apnea

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Repurposing doxycycline as an adjunct to sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled study on glycemic, inflammatory, and cardiometabolic outcomes.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology·2026

Same author

Opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia for post-craniotomy pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BMC anesthesiology·2025

Same author

New insights into pentoxifylline and α-lipoic acid: Co-administration with clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine·2025

Same author

Consensus Guideline on the Management of Epilepsy in Egypt: A National Delphi Consensus Study.

Epilepsia open·2024

Same author

sEMG-based automatic characterization of swallowed materials.

Biomedical engineering online·2024

Same author

Validating Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) as a Diagnostic Tool for Glioma Follow-Up after Surgery.

Biomedicines·2024

Same journal

Analysis of End-Tidal CO2 Variability During Plateau Waves Episodes: An Information Theoretic Approach<sup></sup>.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

Same journal

AI and Tomosynthesis for Breast Cancer Molecular Subtyping: A step toward precision medicine<sup></sup>.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

Same journal

Towards Sustainable Protein Recovery from Biological Waste: Assessing Polyethersulfone-based Microfiltration.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

Same journal

Analysis of the cardiovascular response to standardized polymicrobial peritonitis experimental model.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

Same journal

Automated Wrist Ultrasound Image Bone Enhancement and Segmentation Using Deep Learning.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

Same journal

A Deep Learning approach for Depressive Symptoms assessment in Parkinson's disease patients using facial videos.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

IntelliSleepScorer, a Software Package with a Graphic User Interface for Mice Automated Sleep Stage Scoring

IntelliSleepScorer, a Software Package with a Graphic User Interface for Mice Automated Sleep Stage Scoring

Published on: November 8, 2024

Adaptive hybrid system for automatic sleep staging.

Amr A Hassaan¹, Ahmed A Morsy

¹Department of Systems and Biomedical Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

|January 24, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an adaptive system for automated sleep staging that uses self-training to improve accuracy. This personalized approach overcomes limitations of traditional methods, offering a more precise sleep analysis.

More Related Videos

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

IntelliSleepScorer, a Software Package with a Graphic User Interface for Mice Automated Sleep Stage Scoring

IntelliSleepScorer, a Software Package with a Graphic User Interface for Mice Automated Sleep Stage Scoring

Published on: November 8, 2024

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Sleep science
Artificial intelligence
Biomedical engineering

Background:

Automated sleep staging is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders.
Conventional algorithms struggle with inter-patient variability and signal complexity.
Existing methods often lack personalization, leading to inaccuracies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel adaptive system for automated sleep staging.
To enhance accuracy by utilizing subject-specific data for self-training.
To address the limitations of rule-based and multi-patient training schemes.

Main Methods:

A two-stage hybrid approach was developed.
Stage 1: A rule-based reasoning engine filters and generates training samples.
Stage 2: A neural network classifier is trained using the generated samples.

Main Results:

The adaptive system demonstrated improved accuracy compared to commercial systems.
Self-training on individual data reduced inaccuracies from inter-patient variability.
The hybrid approach effectively balances precision and recall.

Conclusions:

The proposed adaptive system offers a more accurate method for automated sleep staging.
Personalized, self-training algorithms are superior to conventional approaches.
This system has the potential to improve sleep disorder diagnosis and management.