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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break down the...
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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

BioMEMS: Forging New Collaborations Between Biologists and Engineers
07:26

BioMEMS: Forging New Collaborations Between Biologists and Engineers

Published on: November 1, 2007

Open access to biomedical engineering publications.

Jennifer A Flexman1

  • 1Department of Advanced Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, BC, Canada. jennifer.flexman@gmail.com

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|January 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientific journals use copyright and subscriptions to fund operations. Emerging open access models may shift costs to authors, necessitating discussion on future publication frameworks.

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16:30

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications

Published on: October 1, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Scientific Communication
  • Publishing Industry

Background:

  • Scientific research is disseminated through journals, which traditionally rely on copyright and subscription fees.
  • Revenue from subscriptions supports journal management and professional society activities, like those of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore proposed business models for open access scientific publishing.
  • To discuss the implications of shifting publication costs to authors under new dissemination frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of traditional scientific journal business models.
  • Review of proposed open access publishing frameworks and their financial implications.

Main Results:

  • Current models depend on subscriptions, funding journal operations and society activities.
  • Open access models propose free article distribution but may increase author-paid publication costs.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of scientific publishing is evolving towards open access.
  • A thorough discussion is required to understand the specifics and consequences of an open source publishing framework.