Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cascaded Op Amps

Cascaded Op Amps

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...

MOSFET Amplifiers

MOSFET Amplifiers

The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console

A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
The specifications for the pre-amplifier were clear. It needed to amplify the audio signal by a factor of 10, have an input impedance above 10...

BJT Amplifiers

BJT Amplifiers

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are pivotal components in amplifier circuits, functioning as voltage-controlled current sources in their active region. This characteristic allows them to efficiently control the collector current through variations in the base-emitter voltage. Essentially, BJTs amplify power due to their ability to take a weak input signal and output a much stronger signal.
In BJT amplifier configurations, particularly in common-emitter setups, the transistor's role extends...

Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers

Small-Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifiers

In small-signal analysis, a MOSFET transistor amplifier acts as a linear amplifier when operating in its saturation region. The gate-to-source voltage (VGS) of the MOSFET is the sum of the DC biasing voltage and the small time-varying input signal. This combination sets up the operating point and modulates the drain current (ID) that flows from the drain to the source. When a small AC signal is superimposed on the DC bias voltage at the gate, the instantaneous drain current comprises three...

Gain

Gain

Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neural spike compression through salient sample extraction and curve fitting dedicated to high-density brain implants.

Communications engineering·2025

Same author

Real-time, neural signal processing for high-density brain-implantable devices.

Bioelectronic medicine·2025

Same author

Intertwined-pulse modulation for compressive data telemetry.

Scientific reports·2022

Same author

HectoSTAR μLED Optoelectrodes for Large-Scale, High-Precision In Vivo Opto-Electrophysiology.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2022

Same author

Data Transformation in the Processing of Neuronal Signals: A Powerful Tool to Illuminate Informative Contents.

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering·2022

Same author

Wireless, miniaturized, semi-implantable electrocorticography microsystem validated in vivo.

Scientific reports·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Procedure for Implanting Organized Arrays of Microwires for Single-unit Recordings in Awake, Behaving Animals

A Procedure for Implanting Organized Arrays of Microwires for Single-unit Recordings in Awake, Behaving Animals

Published on: February 14, 2014

A neural amplifier with high programmable gain and tunable bandwidth.

Gayatri E Perlin¹, Amir M Sodagar, Kensall D Wise

¹Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSystems (WIMS ERC), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. geadara@umich.edu

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

|January 24, 2009

Summary

This study presents a novel neural recording amplifier with programmable gain and bandwidth. The device offers flexible signal processing for in-vivo neural recordings with low noise and power consumption.

More Related Videos

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

Published on: November 7, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Procedure for Implanting Organized Arrays of Microwires for Single-unit Recordings in Awake, Behaving Animals

A Procedure for Implanting Organized Arrays of Microwires for Single-unit Recordings in Awake, Behaving Animals

Published on: February 14, 2014

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

A Wireless, Bidirectional Interface for In Vivo Recording and Stimulation of Neural Activity in Freely Behaving Rats

Published on: November 7, 2017

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Neuroscience Instrumentation
Integrated Circuit Design

Background:

Accurate neural signal acquisition is critical for understanding brain function.
Existing neural amplifiers often lack the flexibility to adapt to diverse recording conditions.
Programmable parameters are needed to optimize signal-to-noise ratio and filter specific neural activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a neural recording amplifier with digitally programmable gain and bandwidth.
To characterize the amplifier's performance, including noise, power consumption, and area.
To validate the amplifier's functionality through in-vivo demonstrations.

Main Methods:

Designed a neural recording amplifier with 6-bit digital gain control (100x-1100x).
Implemented a variable low-frequency cutoff ( <10Hz to >100Hz) and fixed high-frequency cutoff (9kHz).
Fabricated the amplifier using 0.5microm technology and evaluated its performance in-vivo.

Main Results:

Achieved programmable gain from 100x to 1100x in 100x steps.
Demonstrated low input-referred noise of 4.8microV(rms) and minimal power consumption (50microW).
The compact amplifier (0.098mm(2)) showed successful in-vivo performance comparable to commercial systems.

Conclusions:

The developed neural recording amplifier offers significant flexibility for in-vivo neural signal acquisition.
Its low noise, low power, and programmable features make it suitable for advanced neuroscience research.
This technology advances the development of next-generation neural interfaces.