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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

At-Risk Butterfly Captive Propagation Programs to Enhance Life History Knowledge and Effective Ex Situ Conservation Techniques
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Elevation increases in moth assemblages over 42 years on a tropical mountain.

I-Ching Chen1, Hau-Jie Shiu, Suzan Benedick

  • 1Department of Biology, University of York, P.O. Box 373, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Tropical insects are sensitive to temperature changes. A study on Mount Kinabalu found montane moth species have shifted their altitudes upward by an average of 67 meters due to climate warming.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Zoology

Background:

  • Tropical insects, comprising the majority of terrestrial species, are concentrated in biodiverse regions.
  • While physiological research indicates temperature sensitivity, data on tropical insect responses to climate change has been limited.
  • Climate change impacts on biodiversity are global, necessitating studies on tropical ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of climate warming on tropical insect species.
  • To provide evidence of altitude shifts in tropical montane moth species.
  • To compare the climate change sensitivity of tropical and temperate species.

Main Methods:

  • Replicated a historical altitudinal transect survey conducted in 1965 on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, in 2007.
  • Sampled 6 moth assemblages across an elevation gradient from 1,885 to 3,675 meters.
  • Estimated changes in average individual altitudes for 102 montane moth species (family Geometridae) over 42 years.

Main Results:

  • The average altitude of individuals across 102 montane moth species increased by a mean of 67 meters between 1965 and 2007.
  • This altitude increase confirms that tropical insect species are responding to climate warming.
  • The findings suggest tropical species exhibit sensitivity to warming comparable to temperate species.

Conclusions:

  • Tropical insect species are already exhibiting upward altitude shifts in response to climate warming.
  • The high diversity and thermal sensitivity of insects suggest widespread impacts on tropical species.
  • Mount Kinabalu serves as a critical high-altitude refuge for species impacted by climate change.
  • Further repeat surveys of historical tropical samples are urged to assess climate change impacts.