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Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...

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Related Experiment Video

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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology
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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology

Published on: August 23, 2024

Antioxidant use in nutraceuticals.

Umberto Cornelli1

  • 1Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. umbertocornelli@cornelliconsulting.it

Clinics in Dermatology
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study examines oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species and methods to measure it, like the d-ROMs test. It also discusses antioxidant hierarchy and safe usage to prevent pro-oxidant effects.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants.
  • Excessive oxidative stress can disrupt normal physiological processes.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for health and disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pathways generating oxidative stress, focusing on reactive oxygen species.
  • To discuss methods for determining oxidative stress in plasma.
  • To explore the antioxidant hierarchy and proper antioxidant supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of oxidative stress generation and measurement.
  • Detailed discussion of plasma oxidative stress determination methods.

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  • Analysis of the antioxidant hierarchy and supplementation strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified key pathways for oxidative stress, emphasizing reactive oxygen species.
    • Highlighted the d-ROMs test as a simple and reliable method for plasma hydroperoxide detection.
    • Presented an antioxidant hierarchy and guidelines for avoiding pro-oxidant effects from supplementation.

    Conclusions:

    • Oxidative stress is a critical physiological factor with potential health risks.
    • The d-ROMs test offers a practical approach to assessing oxidative stress.
    • Judicious use of antioxidants, considering their hierarchy and potential pro-oxidant activity, is essential.