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Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

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Contraception in historical and global perspective.

John Cleland1

  • 1Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 49-51 Bedford Square, London, UK.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Global contraceptive use has risen dramatically since 1880, with modern methods now widespread. However, sub-Saharan Africa still faces high fertility and unintended pregnancies, hindering development goals.

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Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Public Health
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Historical trends in contraceptive practice and fertility decline since 1880.
  • Identification of two distinct phases: early European adoption of low-efficacy methods and global adoption of modern methods.

Observation:

  • Contraceptive use and fertility decline have occurred globally, with distinct phases.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa remains a region with low contraceptive prevalence and high fertility rates.
  • Nearly half of all pregnancies globally are unintended, indicating a need for improved contraceptive access and uptake.

Findings:

  • The global rise in contraceptive practice has led to a significant fall in fertility rates.
  • Modern contraceptive methods have facilitated widespread adoption and efficacy.
  • Persistent high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa poses challenges to development.

Implications:

  • Improving contraceptive protection in sub-Saharan Africa is a key international priority.
  • Addressing demographic factors in Africa is crucial for achieving poverty and hunger reduction goals.
  • Enhanced access to and use of family planning services can improve maternal and child health outcomes worldwide.