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Interviewing institutionalized elders: threats to validity.

M West, E Bondy, S Hutchinson

    Image--The Journal of Nursing Scholarship
    |January 1, 1991
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Interviewing institutionalized elders presents challenges due to physical, cognitive, affective, and personal characteristics. Strategies like increasing sample size and using videotapes enhance data validity in geriatric remotivation programs.

    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Qualitative Research Methods
    • Healthcare Ethnography

    Background:

    • Ethnographic studies in nursing homes face challenges in obtaining valid data from institutionalized elders.
    • An intergenerational Geriatric Remotivation Program highlighted specific interviewing difficulties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and explain the challenges encountered when interviewing institutionalized elders.
    • To recommend effective strategies for overcoming these difficulties and improving data validity.

    Main Methods:

    • An ethnographic study was conducted within a Geriatric Remotivation Program in a Southeastern U.S. nursing home.
    • Data validity was threatened by elder characteristics including physical, cognitive, affective, and personal factors.
    • Problematic data were categorized as insufficient, unclear, nice, and emotionally charged.

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    Main Results:

    • Physical, cognitive, affective, and personal characteristics of elders posed significant challenges to data collection.
    • Insufficient, unclear, 'nice,' and emotionally charged data were common issues.
    • Strategies such as increasing sample size, frequent site visits, and extended observation periods were employed.

    Conclusions:

    • Implementing strategies like using videotapes, collecting diverse data types (interview and observation), and fostering socialization can enhance data validity.
    • Recognizing the value of elder stories and social interactions is crucial for successful qualitative research with this population.
    • Adaptable interviewing techniques are essential for valid data collection in geriatric remotivation settings.