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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Social Proof00:52

Social Proof

Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the prevalence of...
Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
08:38

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Published on: November 21, 2019

Behavioral experiments on biased voting in networks.

Michael Kearns1, Stephen Judd, Jinsong Tan

  • 1University of Pennsylvania, Department of Computer and Information Science, 3330 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. mkearns@cis.upenn.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In biased voting experiments, minority preferences can win in specific networks. Awareness of opposing incentives and "stubborn" individuals improve collective decision-making and earnings.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
08:38

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Published on: November 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Collective decision-making requires balancing individual preferences with group unity.
  • Distributed systems often face challenges in achieving consensus with diverse inputs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate biased voting dynamics in human subject networks.
  • To understand how network structure and incentives influence collective decision-making and consensus.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 81 behavioral experiments with 36 human subjects each in virtual networks.
  • Subjects were financially motivated to reach global consensus within 1 minute.
  • Introduced opposing incentives and limited information to network neighbors.

Main Results:

  • Identified network topologies where minority preferences consistently achieve global consensus.
  • Found that "extremist" individuals and awareness of opposing incentives enhance collective performance.
  • Observed a strong correlation between individual "stubbornness" and subject earnings.

Conclusions:

  • Network topology and individual behavior significantly impact collective decision-making outcomes.
  • Strategic introduction of opposing incentives can improve consensus-reaching efficiency.
  • Individual behavioral traits like "stubbornness" play a crucial role in both collective success and personal gain.