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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
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Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Epigenetic reprogramming and induced pluripotency.

Konrad Hochedlinger1, Kathrin Plath

  • 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA. khochedlinger@helix.mgh.harvard.edu

Development (Cambridge, England)
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reprogramming adult cells into embryonic-like cells, including induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, offers insights into development and disease. This technology may enable personalized cell therapies for patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Animal cloning revealed that adult cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic state by factors in oocytes.
  • Recent advances identified transcription factors that induce pluripotency in somatic cells, creating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells without oocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming using iPS cells.
  • To understand normal development and disease processes.
  • To investigate the potential of iPS cells for patient-specific cell therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from somatic cells using transcription factors.
  • Analysis of epigenetic reprogramming mechanisms.
  • Investigating applications in developmental biology and disease modeling.

Main Results:

  • iPS cells serve as a powerful model for studying epigenetic reprogramming.
  • The study of iPS cells elucidates principles of normal development and disease.
  • Potential for developing custom-tailored cell therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells are key to understanding epigenetic reprogramming.
  • iPS cell technology holds promise for advancing regenerative medicine and personalized treatments.