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Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders
Published on: August 18, 2023
Comorbidities of advanced lung disease
Joel Anthony Nations1, Steven D Nathan
1Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Naval Medicine Center, Bethesda, MD, USA. joel.nations@med.navy.mil
Abstract:
Lung disease in advanced stages is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities. Often, these processes lead to significant morbidity and occasionally mortality. Symptoms of pulmonary comorbidities, including pulmonary embolus, pulmonary hypertension, sleep-disordered breathing, and lung malignancy, may be intertwined with symptoms of advancing lung disease. However, the occurrence of extrapulmonary processes, including depression, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, may be subtle. Clinicians caring for advanced lung disease should be aware of the many comorbid processes that may accompany advancing lung disease.
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