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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): An Intervention Sequence

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): An Intervention Sequence

Published on: December 23, 2022

Patent foramen ovale.

Mayank Agrawal¹, Eugene S Smith

¹Department of Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA.

The Journal of the Arkansas Medical Society

|January 28, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A man with a heart murmur was found to have mitral regurgitation and an intracardiac shunt. This finding explains the murmur and requires further cardiac evaluation.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Diagnostic Imaging
Echocardiography

Background:

A 42-year-old male presented for follow-up with an apical systolic murmur detected during routine examination.
The patient exhibited good exercise tolerance, with no prior history of cardiac complaints.

Observation:

Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed mild to moderate mitral regurgitation with preserved left ventricular function.
Slightly enlarged right atrial and ventricular cavities were noted on the echocardiogram.

Findings:

A positive micro-cavitation study confirmed the presence of an intracardiac shunt.
The intracardiac shunt is the likely cause of the observed apical systolic murmur.

Implications:

The identification of an intracardiac shunt necessitates further investigation into its type, size, and hemodynamic significance.
Management strategies will depend on the shunt's characteristics and potential impact on cardiac function.
This case highlights the importance of echocardiography and specialized studies in diagnosing congenital heart anomalies presenting in adulthood.