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Vision-enhancing interventions in nursing home residents and their short-term effect on physical and cognitive
Amanda F Elliott1, Gerald McGwin, Cynthia Owsley
1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA. elliotta@uab.edu
Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of vision-enhancing interventions (cataract surgery or refractive error correction) on physical function and cognitive status in nursing home residents.
Design:
Longitudinal cohort study.
Setting:
Seventeen nursing homes in Birmingham, Alabama.
Participants:
A total of 187 English-speaking adults aged 55 and older.
Intervention:
Participants took part in one of two vision-enhancing interventions: cataract surgery or refractive error correction. Each group was compared against a control group (persons eligible for but who declined cataract surgery or who received delayed correction of refractive error).
Measurements:
Physical function (ability to perform activities of daily living and mobility) was assessed using a series of self-report and certified nursing assistant ratings at baseline and at 2 months for the refractive error correction group and at 4 months for the cataract surgery group. The Mini Mental State Examination was also administered.
Results:
No significant differences existed within or between groups from baseline to follow-up on any of the measures of physical function. Mental status scores significantly declined from baseline to follow-up for the immediate (P=.05) and delayed (P<.02) refractive error correction groups and for the cataract surgery control group (P=.05).
Conclusion:
Vision-enhancing interventions did not lead to short-term improvements in physical functioning or cognitive status in this sample of elderly nursing home residents.
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