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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
11:19

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 25, 2011

Programmed drug-dependent ribosome stalling.

Haripriya Ramu1, Alexander Mankin, Nora Vazquez-Laslop

  • 1Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.

Molecular Microbiology
|January 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ribosomes can sense nascent peptide sequence and structure, regulating gene expression. This mechanism, involving programmed ribosome stalling, is key for antibiotic resistance gene activation.

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Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA
10:15

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Published on: July 6, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The ribosome possesses an intrinsic ability to monitor nascent peptide sequence and structure.
  • This capability is crucial for regulating gene expression, particularly for antibiotic resistance.
  • Ribosome-targeting antibiotics often induce resistance genes via programmed stalling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms underlying drug- and nascent peptide-dependent ribosome stalling.
  • To elucidate how ribosomes sense and respond to both external (antibiotic) and internal (peptide sequence) cues.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on ribosome stalling mechanisms.
  • Focuses on the interplay between antibiotics, nascent peptide sequence, and ribosome function.
  • Integrates findings from structural biology, genetics, and biochemical studies.

Main Results:

  • Ribosome stalling is a programmed event occurring at specific regulatory sequences.
  • The presence of antibiotics in the ribosome exit tunnel is a critical factor.
  • The sequence of the nascent peptide itself directly influences stalling.
  • Formation of the stalled translation complex is dependent on both antibiotic presence and peptide sequence.

Conclusions:

  • Ribosome stalling is a sophisticated regulatory mechanism exploited for gene expression control.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing new strategies against antibiotic resistance.
  • The ribosome acts as a central sensor integrating antibiotic and peptide information.