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Related Concept Videos

Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Fischer Projections02:18

Fischer Projections

Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

Analysis and validation of carbohydrate three-dimensional structures.

Thomas Lütteke1

  • 1Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, BOC2, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. thomas.luetteke@vetmed.uni-giessen.de

Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography
|January 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding carbohydrate 3D structures is key for molecular processes. This review covers Protein Data Bank (PDB) data quality, common issues in carbohydrate structure analysis, and validation tools for scientists.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
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Published on: October 2, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Three-dimensional structures of carbohydrate molecules are crucial for understanding biological processes like protein glycosylation and protein-carbohydrate interactions.
  • The Protein Data Bank (PDB) serves as a primary repository for structural data on glycoproteins and protein-carbohydrate complexes.
  • However, existing carbohydrate structural data in the PDB often contains inconsistencies and errors, limiting its utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of information obtainable from individual PDB entries and statistical analyses of carbohydrate structures.
  • To highlight common problems encountered during the analysis of three-dimensional carbohydrate structures.
  • To review available validation tools for assessing the quality of these structures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of information from individual PDB entries.
  • Statistical analysis of sets of three-dimensional carbohydrate structures.
  • Review of common errors and validation tools in carbohydrate structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of typical inconsistencies and errors in PDB carbohydrate entries.
  • Overview of data quality assessment methods for carbohydrate structures.
  • Discussion of the utility and limitations of PDB data for studying carbohydrate-related molecular processes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate three-dimensional carbohydrate structures are essential for understanding their biological roles.
  • Awareness of potential errors in PDB data and the use of validation tools are critical for reliable structural analysis.
  • Further development and application of validation tools will enhance the quality and usability of structural data for carbohydrate research.