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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
Linear Approximations01:23

Linear Approximations

For a differentiable function of two variables, linear approximation estimates values near a known point by replacing the curved surface with its tangent plane. Consider the function\begin{equation*}f(x,y)=x^2+3y^2\end{equation*}near the point (2, 1). The exact value at this point is f(2, 1) = 22 + 3(1)2 = 4 + 3 = 7.The linear approximation of f(x, y)) near (a, b) is\begin{equation*}L(x,y)=f(a,b)+f_x(a,b)(x-a)+f_y(a,b)(y-b)\end{equation*}First, compute the partial derivatives: fx(x, y) = 2x and...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Surface Integrals of Vector Fields: Flux01:22

Surface Integrals of Vector Fields: Flux

Understanding the movement of air masses is fundamental to meteorological analysis and atmospheric modeling. A key component in this process is quantifying the total mass of air that flows into or out of a defined region over a specified period of time. This is achieved by evaluating the mass flux across a boundary surface, a conceptual tool that simplifies the complex dynamics of atmospheric systems.To begin, an imaginary boundary surface S is introduced, enclosing the region of interest. The...
The Scientific Method03:50

The Scientific Method

Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
13:27

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Modeling mercury deposition through latent space-time processes.

Ana G Rappold, Alan E Gelfand, David M Holland

    Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied Statistics
    |January 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new model for tracking total wet mercury deposition, improving spatial and temporal predictions. The model effectively uses precipitation data to forecast mercury deposition patterns across regions.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

    Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
    13:27

    Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

    Published on: June 8, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Atmospheric Chemistry
    • Geochemistry

    Background:

    • Mercury deposition poses environmental risks.
    • Accurate monitoring and modeling are crucial for understanding mercury's impact.
    • Existing models often rely on complex precipitation sub-models.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel space-time process model for total wet mercury deposition.
    • To directly model deposition using precipitation data without a separate precipitation model.
    • To enable spatial interpolation and temporal prediction of mercury deposition patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a spatio-temporal hierarchical model.
    • Utilized weekly deposition data from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network (NADP/MDN) for 2003 in eastern U.S. and Canada.
    • Incorporated precipitation information directly and handled zero-value point masses in precipitation and deposition distributions.

    Main Results:

    • Enabled direct modeling of mercury deposition, rather than expected deposition.
    • Facilitated spatial interpolation to create weekly deposition surfaces with uncertainties.
    • Allowed for temporal aggregation to analyze quarterly and annual deposition trends.

    Conclusions:

    • The model provides a robust framework for predicting mercury deposition.
    • It enhances the ability to visualize and analyze mercury deposition patterns and trends.
    • The approach offers improved spatial and temporal resolution for mercury deposition assessment.