Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals02:38

Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
A σ bond (single bond in a Lewis structure) is a covalent bond in which the electron density is...
Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation01:20

Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation

An oxygen-based nucleophile, like water, can undergo addition reactions with aldehydes and ketones. The reaction leads to the formation of hydrates, also referred to as 1,1-diols or geminal diols.
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism01:10

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism

Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microwave-Assisted Thioester-Empowered Toolkit for Modular Glycopeptide Synthesis.

JACS Au·2026
Same author

Quantitative conductivity reconstruction network for brain hemorrhage detection in thermoacoustic imaging.

Medical physics·2026
Same author

AuCl<sub>3</sub>-<i>t</i>BuCN Catalysis in 1,2-<i>trans</i> 2-Deoxy-2-fluoro Glycosidic Bond Formation.

Organic letters·2025
Same author

Development of fully automated deep-learning-based approach for prediction of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients using ultrasound imaging.

Frontiers in oncology·2025
Same author

Fluoride-Effect-Directed Catalyst-Controlled Regioselective Acylation of Carbohydrate Diols and Triols.

Organic letters·2025
Same author

Intramolecular Acyl-Migration for Acyloxyselenenylation of Alkenes Promoted by Oxone.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
08:46

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

Published on: July 26, 2018

New principles for glycoside-bond formation.

Xiangming Zhu1, Richard R Schmidt

  • 1Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. xiangming.zhu@ucd.ie

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review details recent advances in synthesizing complex carbohydrates like oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. It focuses on novel methods for forming glycosidic bonds, crucial for biological and medicinal applications.

More Related Videos

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
06:00

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Published on: January 15, 2018

Synthesis of Indoxyl-glycosides for Detection of Glycosidase Activities
09:10

Synthesis of Indoxyl-glycosides for Detection of Glycosidase Activities

Published on: May 27, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
08:46

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

Published on: July 26, 2018

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
06:00

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Published on: January 15, 2018

Synthesis of Indoxyl-glycosides for Detection of Glycosidase Activities
09:10

Synthesis of Indoxyl-glycosides for Detection of Glycosidase Activities

Published on: May 27, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate Chemistry
  • Glycobiology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are vital in biological processes.
  • There is a growing demand for these compounds in research and medicine.
  • Existing reviews often focus narrowly on specific glycoside types or synthesis strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss new principles in glycosidic bond formation.
  • To compile and evaluate recent developments in oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate synthesis.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of advances primarily from the last decade.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and compilation of recent advancements.
  • Evaluation of novel methodologies for glycosidic bond formation.
  • Synthesis strategies for oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing new glycoside synthesis procedures.
  • Novel principles for glycosidic bond formation have emerged.
  • Advances facilitate larger-scale production for research and therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • The review highlights key innovations in glycoside synthesis.
  • Understanding these advancements is critical for progress in glycobiology and drug discovery.
  • Future research can leverage these new methods for complex carbohydrate synthesis.