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Related Concept Videos

Liquid–Solid Solutions01:29

Liquid–Solid Solutions

The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium01:18

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about the...
Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If we...

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Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
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Published on: May 20, 2014

Solid-solid transition of the size-polydisperse hard sphere system.

Mingcheng Yang1, Hongru Ma

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polydisperse hard sphere systems exhibit a stable solid-solid coexistence, where two distinct solid phases form with differing compositions but identical crystal structures. This state becomes more stable than a single solid phase when polydispersity is sufficiently high.

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Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
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Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

Published on: December 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding phase behavior in polydisperse systems is crucial for materials design.
  • Hard sphere models provide fundamental insights into packing and phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solid-solid coexistence in polydisperse hard sphere systems.
  • To determine the stability and characteristics of coexisting solid phases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte Carlo simulations to model the system.
  • Analyzed phase behavior as a function of polydispersity.

Main Results:

  • Solid-solid coexistence is more stable than a single solid phase for high polydispersity.
  • Coexisting solids possess different composition distributions.
  • Coexisting solids share the same crystal structure.
  • Evidence suggests a critical point for the solid-solid transition.

Conclusions:

  • Polydispersity can induce complex solid-solid phase behavior.
  • The findings offer insights into the formation of multi-component crystalline structures.