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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
Published on: July 29, 2011
Electrophysiologic characteristics of complex fractionated atrial electrograms in patients with atrial fibrillation
Jae H Park1, Hui-Nam Pak, Sook K Kim
1Korea University Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Introduction:
The underlying mechanisms of complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE) during radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) have not yet been clearly elucidated. We explored the relationships between CFAE and left atrial (LA) voltage, or conduction velocity (CV).
Methods And Results:
In 50 patients with AF (23 paroxysmal AF [PAF], 41 males, mean age 55.76 +/- 10.16 years), the CFAE (average index of fractionation of electrograms during AF by interval-analysis algorithm, cycle length [CL]
Conclusions:
The CFAE area, which is primarily located at the septum, has a low voltage with a lower CV, and is surrounded by high-voltage areas. Underlying electroanatomical complexity is associated with clustering of CFAEs.
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Electrocardiogram
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

