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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Nearly isotropic superconductivity in (Ba,K)Fe(2)As(2).

H Q Yuan1, J Singleton, F F Balakirev

  • 1Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China. hqyuan@zju.edu.cn

Nature
|January 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Superconductivity in iron-arsenic compounds is surprisingly isotropic, unlike layered copper oxides. This suggests that reduced dimensionality is not essential for high-temperature superconductivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Superconductivity observed in iron-arsenic compounds (up to 56 K) prompts comparison with high-temperature copper oxides.
  • Copper oxides exhibit layered structures and quasi-two-dimensional properties, leading to theories that anisotropy is crucial for high-temperature superconductivity.
  • Initial studies on iron-arsenic compounds seemed to support the necessity of reduced dimensionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anisotropy of superconducting properties in iron-arsenic compounds.
  • To determine if reduced dimensionality is a prerequisite for high-temperature superconductivity in these materials.
  • To compare the electronic structure of iron-arsenic superconductors with that of copper oxides.

Main Methods:

  • Electrical resistivity measurements in single crystals of (Ba,K)Fe(2)As(2).
  • Application of a high magnetic field up to 60 Tesla.
  • Analysis of superconducting properties' dependence on magnetic field direction.

Main Results:

  • Superconducting properties of (Ba,K)Fe(2)As(2) were found to be largely isotropic.
  • The properties showed independence from the direction of the applied magnetic field at low temperatures.
  • This isotropic behavior contrasts sharply with all previously known layered superconductors.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced dimensionality is not a prerequisite for high-temperature superconductivity.
  • The isotropic nature is attributed to a more three-dimensional electronic structure in iron-arsenic compounds compared to copper oxides.
  • Previous extrapolations of low-field data incorrectly suggested high anisotropy and exaggerated critical fields.