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Alterations of the oral ecosystem in children with celiac disease

Silvia S Mina1, Ana I Azcurra, Susana Dorronsoro

  • 1Department of Preventive and Social, School of Dentistry, National University of Córdoba, Argentina. sm@dat13.com.ar

Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL
|January 31, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Children with celiac disease (CD) show distinct oral ecosystem alterations, including enamel defects and salivary changes. These oral markers can aid dentists in the presumptive diagnosis of CD in symptomatic children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Oral Medicine
  • Celiac Disease Research

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion.
  • Oral manifestations can be early indicators of CD in children.
  • Identifying specific oral biomarkers may facilitate early diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate oral ecosystem alterations in symptomatic children diagnosed with celiac disease.
  • To establish a pattern of oral markers for the presumptive diagnosis of CD.
  • To assess the utility of dental evaluations in CD detection.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 52 children with confirmed celiac disease (CD).
  • Performed dental clinical evaluations of oral tissues.
  • Analyzed saliva for buffer capacity, proteins, calcium, phosphate, and performed SDS-PAGE.
  • Collected and analyzed oral mucosa smears.

Main Results:

  • Low frequency of enamel structural alterations noted in permanent teeth (31.7% chronological coherence, 26.8% bilateralism, 29.23% symmetry).
  • Oral mucosa smears showed significant presence of polymorphic and free nuclei (20%).
  • Significant differences observed in salivary buffer capacity, IgA, minute volume, calcium, and Ca/P ratio (p<0.05).
  • Protein profiles revealed absence of low, medium, and high molecular weight bands.

Conclusions:

  • An alteration pattern in the oral ecosystem of CD children was identified.
  • Tooth enamel alterations, oral mucosa morphology, and salivary parameter modifications are key indicators.
  • Dentists can utilize these oral findings to refer patients for specialist physician evaluation.
Abstract

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