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Thyroid diseases, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular pathology
Celestino Neves1, Marta Alves, José Luís Medina
1Serviço de Endocrinologia, Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Hospital S. João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto. celestino.neves@sapo.pt
Summary
Thyroid dysfunction significantly impacts lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk, particularly in hypothyroidism. Treating thyroid disorders may improve lipid levels and cardiovascular health, though further research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- The link between thyroid hormones and lipids is well-established, with over 70 years of research.
- Thyroid hormones are crucial for lipid metabolism regulation.
- Thyroid dysfunction can lead to dyslipidemia, increasing risks of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reevaluate the relationship between thyroid pathology and dyslipidemia.
- To understand the impact of thyroid dysfunction on lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk.
Main Methods:
- A literature review was conducted using the Medline database and textbooks.
- Articles published in English and Portuguese between 1980 and 2007 were selected.
- Data collection occurred between 2003 and 2007.
Main Results:
- Thyroid dysfunction elevates cardiovascular risk through lipid profile changes, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic alterations.
- Hypothyroidism, due to its prevalence, is a primary concern, with associated lipid anomalies contributing to coronary heart disease.
- Increased cardiovascular risk is linked to lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic, hormonal, and hemodynamic changes, and coagulation disturbances.
Conclusions:
- Treatment for subclinical hyperthyroidism may benefit lipid profiles and cardiovascular function, although this remains debated.
- Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the role of varying degrees of thyroid dysfunction in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity.
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