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Common pigmentation disorders.
Scott Plensdorf1, Joy Martinez
1McLaren Family Practice Residency Program, MI, USA. scottpl@mclaren.org
American Family Physician
|January 31, 2009
Summary
This study reviews common causes of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, including melasma and vitiligo. It outlines diagnostic considerations and various treatment options for these pigmentary disorders.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Medical Science
Background:
- Hyperpigmentation disorders like melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation are common.
- Hypopigmentation disorders, though less common, can present diagnostic challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize common causes of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation.
- To discuss diagnostic considerations, including the exclusion of malignancy and systemic disease.
- To outline current treatment modalities for various pigmentary disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of common pigmentary disorders.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria for hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation.
- Compilation of treatment options for various conditions.
Main Results:
- Common hyperpigmentation causes include postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides, and café-au-lait macules.
- Treatment options for hyperpigmentation involve topical agents, peels, cryotherapy, or laser therapy.
- Hypopigmentation disorders include congenital conditions and acquired disorders like vitiligo, with varied treatment approaches.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis is crucial for both hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, necessitating exclusion of serious conditions.
- A range of treatments exist for hyperpigmentation, tailored to the specific cause.
- Management of hypopigmentation varies widely, from cosmetic camouflage to advanced therapies like phototherapy and surgery.
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