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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

[Computing function and its representation in the parietal cortex in humans and animals].

M E Varga, O G Pavlova, S V Nosova

    Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti Imeni I P Pavlova
    |January 31, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Number sense, including basic arithmetic, develops before language in humans and animals. The parietal cortex is crucial for this ability, showing shared evolutionary roots for numerical cognition.

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    Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

    Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
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    Published on: January 22, 2018

    Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
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    Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

    Published on: August 1, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Comparative Psychology
    • Evolutionary Biology

    Context:

    • Evidence suggests number perception and basic arithmetic abilities exist in preverbal children and animals, preceding language development.
    • Behavioral studies reveal parallels in number processing between humans and animals, such as improved discrimination with increased numerical distance.

    Purpose:

    • To explore the evolutionary origins and neural underpinnings of numerical cognition.
    • To investigate the role of the parietal cortex in number perception and processing across species.

    Summary:

    • Number sense, including quantity discrimination and elementary arithmetic, emerges early in development and evolution, prior to language acquisition.
    • Key brain structures in the parietal cortex, including the intraparietal sulcus, are critical for number perception in both humans and animals.
    • Similarities in numerical processing and neural correlates suggest a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved mechanism for adaptive behavior.

    Impact:

    • Highlights the deep evolutionary roots of numerical cognition, suggesting it's a fundamental aspect of adaptive behavior.
    • Identifies the parietal cortex as a critical neural substrate for number sense across diverse species.
    • Provides a foundation for understanding numerical deficits and cognitive development.