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Related Concept Videos

Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create ettringite,...
Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

Band cementation materials: solubility and fluoride release.

Rafael Guerra Lund1, Adriana Fernandes da Silva, Flávio Fernando Demarco

  • 1Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry
|January 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that lactic acid significantly increased the solubility of orthodontic band cements compared to saline solution. RelyX material demonstrated the highest fluoride release, influenced by storage solution and time.

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Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
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06:27

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) by Immersion

Published on: September 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Research
  • Orthodontic Materials

Background:

  • Orthodontic band cementation requires materials with predictable solubility and ion release.
  • Understanding material behavior in oral environments is crucial for clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the solubility and fluoride release of three orthodontic band cements.
  • To assess the influence of different solutions (saline, lactic acid) and time on these properties.

Main Methods:

  • Three cements (Ultra Band-Lok, RelyX, Ketac-Cem) were tested.
  • Samples were immersed in saline (pH 7.0) and lactic acid (pH 4.0) for up to 30 days.
  • Solubility was measured by mass loss, and fluoride release by ion-specific electrode.

Main Results:

  • Lactic acid significantly increased cement solubility compared to saline (P < 0.01).
  • RelyX showed the highest fluoride release, while Ultra Band-Lok had the lowest.
  • Fluoride release decreased over time and varied between solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Material type, storage solution, and immersion time significantly affect fluoride release.
  • Material type and storage solution are key factors influencing cement solubility.