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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Virtual Reality Experiments with Physiological Measures
07:09

Virtual Reality Experiments with Physiological Measures

Published on: August 29, 2018

Gender issues in the use of virtual environments.

P Larson1, A A Rizzo, J G Buckwalter

  • 1Fuller Graduate School of Psychology, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.

Cyberpsychology & Behavior : the Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society
|January 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Virtual reality spatial tasks show no gender differences, unlike traditional mental rotation tests. Manual manipulation in virtual environments may mitigate observed sex-based cognitive performance variations.

More Related Videos

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters
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Published on: November 22, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Virtual Reality Experiments with Physiological Measures
07:09

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Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters
07:29

Online Explorative Study on the Learning Uses of Virtual Reality Among Early Adopters

Published on: November 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Virtual Reality Research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Gender differences in cognitive and behavioral performance are well-documented in psychological literature.
  • Controlling for gender is crucial in virtual environment (VE) cognitive research due to potential variations in cognitive performance, cybersickness susceptibility, and hormonal influences on cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender differences in visuospatial ability, specifically mental rotation, within a virtual reality (VE) context.
  • To compare findings from a traditional paper-and-pencil Mental Rotation Test (MRT) with a Virtual Reality Spatial Rotation (VRSR) test.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Virtual Reality Spatial Rotation (VRSR) test allowing manual manipulation of stimuli.
  • Administered the traditional paper-and-pencil Mental Rotation Test (MRT) for comparison.
  • Analyzed gender-related differences in cognitive performance and patterns of association between verbal and spatial tasks.

Main Results:

  • The traditional Mental Rotation Test (MRT) showed significant gender differences, favoring males.
  • The Virtual Reality Spatial Rotation (VRSR) test, with manual stimulus manipulation, revealed no significant gender differences.
  • Further analysis indicated gender differences in the association patterns between verbal/spatial tasks and VRSR performance.

Conclusions:

  • Manual manipulation of stimuli in virtual reality may reduce or eliminate observed gender differences in mental rotation tasks.
  • Dimensionality factors and hemispheric lateralization may explain the observed discrepancies between traditional and virtual reality spatial tests.