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Related Concept Videos

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians
04:03

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians

Published on: September 27, 2024

COPD exacerbation: lost in translation.

Demosthenes Makris1, Demosthenes Bouros

  • 1Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece. appollon7@hotmail.com

BMC Pulmonary Medicine
|January 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A standard definition for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations is crucial for timely diagnosis and management. The current GOLD definition is pragmatic but may include healthcare access factors and omits etiology and key pathophysiological markers like inflammation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians
04:03

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Disease Research

Background:

  • A standardized definition for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aids prompt diagnosis and management.
  • The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has incorporated an exacerbation definition into its guidelines, marking progress in disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the current GOLD definition of COPD exacerbations.
  • To propose enhancements to the definition, incorporating etiological factors and objective markers of inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of the current GOLD definition of COPD exacerbations.
  • Discussion of the limitations of the "healthcare utilization" approach and the omission of etiological factors.
  • Consideration of incorporating laboratory markers for airway and systemic inflammation.

Main Results:

  • The current GOLD definition is pragmatic but may be influenced by healthcare access, potentially misdiagnosing exacerbations.
  • The definition does not account for co-existing conditions that can mimic exacerbations.
  • Key pathophysiological aspects like increased airway/systemic inflammation and lung function decline are not explicitly included.

Conclusions:

  • The authors suggest refining the COPD exacerbation definition to include etiological factors and objective inflammatory markers.
  • Incorporating laboratory markers, despite practical challenges, could represent a significant advancement in diagnosing and managing COPD exacerbations.