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Self-reported alcohol use and binge drinking in South Africa: Evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study, 2014 - 2015.

South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde·2017
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An international analysis of cigarette affordability.

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Cigarette affordability trends: an update and some methodological comments.

E H Blecher1, C P van Walbeek

  • 1International Tobacco Control Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. evan.blecher@cancer.org

Tobacco Control
|January 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cigarettes are becoming more affordable globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, posing a significant tobacco control challenge. Rising incomes increase cigarette affordability, necessitating a focus beyond just monetary price in tobacco control strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Economics
  • Tobacco Control

Background:

  • Cigarette affordability is a key determinant of consumption and a critical factor in tobacco control.
  • Understanding trends in cigarette affordability is essential for effective public health policy.
  • Previous research has highlighted the importance of economic factors in tobacco use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate cigarette affordability across diverse countries using multiple methodologies.
  • To analyze trends in cigarette affordability from 1990 to the present.
  • To evaluate the suitability of different affordability measures for various economic contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated Relative Income Price (RIP) using per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for 77 countries (1990-2006).
  • Calculated "minutes of labor" affordability using earnings data from a Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS) survey for 52 countries.
  • Compared affordability trends and assessed the appropriateness of income measures for high-income versus low- and middle-income countries.

Main Results:

  • Cigarettes are significantly more affordable in high-income countries than in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Cigarette affordability has decreased in high-income countries since 1990, often due to real price increases.
  • Cigarettes have become increasingly affordable in low- and middle-income countries since 1990, with rapid acceleration post-2000, often linked to decreasing real prices.
  • Per capita GDP is the most appropriate broad income measure for affordability in low- and middle-income countries.

Conclusions:

  • International cigarette price comparisons must consider affordability, not just monetary value.
  • Rapidly developing economies face heightened tobacco control challenges as rising incomes boost cigarette affordability.
  • The increasing affordability of cigarettes in many low- and middle-income nations represents a substantial failure in tobacco control efforts.