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Related Concept Videos

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange01:20

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange

The intricate interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is crucial for efficiently transporting respiratory gases throughout the body. Let us explore the cardiovascular system's multifaceted functions, emphasizing its pivotal role in gas exchange.
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves the...
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration01:25

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration are critical techniques in medical treatments to eliminate accumulated drugs, metabolites, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. These methods are particularly vital in cases of accidental poisoning and drug overdose.Hemoperfusion involves passing blood through an adsorbent material to remove unwanted substances. The main adsorbents used in hemoperfusion include activated charcoal and Amberlite resins. Activated charcoal can adsorb both polar and nonpolar...
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis01:30

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...
Physical Principles Governing Gas Exchange01:16

Physical Principles Governing Gas Exchange

Gas behavior plays a vital role in understanding bodily processes such as external and internal respiration. External respiration involves the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of it in the lungs. In contrast, internal respiration happens in body tissues, where these gases move in opposite directions.
Gas Laws Governing Respiration
The behavior of gases is guided by Dalton's Law of partial pressures and Henry's Law.
Dalton's Law asserts that the total pressure exerted by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Lung Rapid Recovery Procurement Combined with Abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion in Controlled Donation after Circulatory Death
09:54

Lung Rapid Recovery Procurement Combined with Abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion in Controlled Donation after Circulatory Death

Published on: August 15, 2022

Extracorporeal gas exchange.

Antonio Pesenti1, Alberto Zanella, Nicolò Patroniti

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo Nuovo dei Tintori, Monza, Milan, Italy. antonio.pesenti@unimib.it

Current Opinion in Critical Care
|January 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracorporeal gas exchange shows promise for critically ill patients with respiratory failure. Advances in technology and clinical trials suggest expanded use for severe respiratory conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Respiratory physiology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Critically ill patients often suffer from severe respiratory failure.
  • Extracorporeal gas exchange offers a potential life-saving therapy.
  • Long-term application requires advanced technology and clinical validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in extracorporeal gas exchange for long-term therapy.
  • To highlight achievements in treating respiratory failure.
  • To discuss the evolving role of extracorporeal support.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials, including the CESAR study.
  • Analysis of clinical applications of interventional lung assist.
  • Evaluation of technological advancements in membrane lungs.

Main Results:

  • The CESAR study may provide the first positive randomized trial for adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in ARDS.
  • Interventional lung assist shows utility in ARDS, transplantation, asthma, and trauma.
  • New membrane lung technology offers improved blood flow and gas transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Recent clinical trials and technical progress are driving reevaluation of extracorporeal gas exchange.
  • Expanded use in critically ill patients with diverse respiratory failure is anticipated.
  • Future developments may focus on low-invasive, high-efficiency CO2 removal.