Genitourinary emergencies in children

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Urology
• Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Genitourinary (GU) conditions in children frequently require emergent urological consultation.
• Primary care practitioners (PCPs) need clear guidance on identifying and managing these urgent pediatric cases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review emergent genitourinary conditions in children necessitating urological referral.
• To equip PCPs with knowledge on signs, symptoms, initial work-up, and management of these conditions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pediatric genitourinary emergencies.
• Synthesis of information on diagnosis and initial management strategies.

Main Results:

• Key emergent GU conditions discussed include acute scrotum/testicular torsion, scrotal masses, penile abnormalities, urinary retention, bladder outlet obstruction, abdominal masses, acute urinary stones, urinary trauma, genital abnormalities, and complex anomalies.
• The review outlines presenting signs and symptoms for each condition.

Conclusions:

• Prompt recognition and appropriate initial management by PCPs are crucial for optimal outcomes in pediatric GU emergencies.
• This review serves as a guide for PCPs managing children with emergent urological conditions prior to pediatric urologist evaluation.