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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

[Contraception in women with special problems].

Alfred Mueck1, Joseph Neulen, Christian Thaler

  • 1Landesinstitut für Frauengesundheit Baden-Württemberg, Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen. endo.meno@med.uni-tuebingen.de

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|January 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Oral contraceptives (OC) do not increase cardiovascular risks in healthy young non-smokers. Genetic predisposition and risk factors are key considerations before prescribing OCs, with regular monitoring advised.

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Thromboembolic, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular events are age-dependent and rare in young women.
  • Oral contraceptives (OC) are associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis, particularly influenced by genetic predisposition.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the risks and benefits of oral contraceptives (OCs) in various patient populations.
  • To emphasize the importance of personal and family history in OC prescription.
  • To assess the impact of OCs on cardiovascular health, metabolic parameters, and specific medical conditions.

Summary:

  • In healthy, non-smoking women under 35, OCs do not elevate the risk of myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accidents.
  • While OCs can rarely increase blood pressure, regular monitoring is recommended. Weight gain is uncommon and individual-dependent.
  • OCs have minimal clinical impact on insulin, blood sugar, adrenal, and thyroid function, and do not increase diabetes incidence. Asthma is not a contraindication.

Impact:

  • Highlights the safety of OCs in specific low-risk demographics, emphasizing personalized risk assessment.
  • Provides guidance on monitoring for potential side effects like hypertension in OC users.
  • Suggests potential benefits of OCs in managing cycle-dependent conditions like asthma and specific cases of lupus erythematosus.