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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
Published on: May 20, 2016
Nasal tip dynamics
1Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. paa@dradamson.com
Abstract:
In rhinoplasty, the nasal tip remains the most challenging anatomic region to diagnose and treat. This article presents a new concept, the M-arch model, to better understand the functional and aesthetic anatomy of the tip. This M-arch can be lengthened or shortened, or left as is, to establish the basis of ideal nasal length, projection, and rotation. Additional suture, incisional, excisional, and grafting maneuvers can be performed in a graduated fashion to further refine the M-arch, including the lobule and soft tissue of the nasal base. A full description of the M-arch model and its application is presented, and representative results are illustrated.
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