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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
05:32

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Published on: December 7, 2018

A salience dysregulation syndrome.

Jim van Os

    The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
    |February 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) need revisions for psychotic disorders. A new classification system combining categorical and dimensional approaches, including salience dysregulation syndrome, is proposed.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry and Mental Health
    • Neuroscience
    • Classification Systems

    Background:

    • The upcoming revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) necessitate a re-evaluation of existing diagnostic categories for psychotic disorders.
    • The current construct of schizophrenia is questioned, prompting a discussion on whether to retain or replace it with a new system for representing psychosis.

    Discussion:

    • Scientific and societal developments suggest a hybrid classification system for psychosis within the DSM and ICD.
    • This system should integrate both categorical and dimensional representations to better capture the complexity of psychotic experiences.

    Key Insights:

    • A novel diagnostic category, 'salience dysregulation syndrome,' is proposed, drawing an analogy to the 'metabolic syndrome.'

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  • This syndrome would encompass three sub-categories based on validated scientific evidence: affective expression, developmental expression, and not otherwise specified.

    • Outlook:

    • The proposed 'salience dysregulation syndrome' aims to provide a more nuanced and scientifically grounded approach to diagnosing and understanding psychosis.
    • This revised classification could lead to more targeted and effective treatment strategies for individuals experiencing psychotic symptoms.