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Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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T cell dependence on mTOR signaling.

Robyn E Mills1, Julie M Jameson

  • 1University of California San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, California, USA.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|February 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates cell growth and metabolism in lymphocytes. Understanding its varied roles in T cell subsets is crucial for targeted therapies and managing side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is central to cellular processes like growth, metabolism, and survival.
  • Lymphocytes critically depend on mTOR signaling, which is tightly regulated by various receptor-mediated signals.
  • Differential reliance on the mTOR pathway across T cell subsets is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the varying degrees to which different T cell subsets utilize the mTOR pathway.
  • To clarify the parameters governing T cell homeostasis and activation-induced functions in distinct T cell populations.
  • To understand the impact of mTOR pathway suppression on both targeted and bystander T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression and protein activity related to mTOR signaling in isolated T cell subsets.

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Published on: October 23, 2018

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  • Functional assays to assess T cell proliferation, metabolism, and survival under varying signaling conditions.
  • In vivo studies using mouse models to evaluate the effects of mTOR inhibitors on T cell populations.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified specific molecular signatures of mTOR pathway activation unique to different T cell subsets.
    • Demonstrated distinct requirements for mTOR signaling in maintaining T cell homeostasis versus mediating activation-induced functions.
    • Observed differential sensitivity of T cell subsets to mTOR suppression, impacting both effector and regulatory functions.

    Conclusions:

    • The mTOR pathway plays a context-dependent role in T cell biology, with subset-specific utilization influencing immune responses.
    • Findings provide a basis for dissecting T cell heterogeneity and developing more precise immunomodulatory strategies.
    • Understanding mTOR pathway dynamics is essential for optimizing immunosuppressive and cancer therapies by predicting effects on diverse T cell populations.