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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

Overview
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
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Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

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Prokaryotic DNA Replication01:32

Prokaryotic DNA Replication

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Generation Time01:22

Generation Time

Bacterial generation time, the period required for a bacterial population to double during its exponential growth phase, serves as a critical measure of microbial growth dynamics under optimal conditions. This parameter varies significantly across bacterial species and can be influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, and the availability of nutrients. For example, Escherichia coli can achieve a generation time of approximately 20 minutes, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibits a much...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Visualization of the Charcoal Agar Resazurin Assay for Semi-quantitative, Medium-throughput Enumeration of Mycobacteria
09:57

Visualization of the Charcoal Agar Resazurin Assay for Semi-quantitative, Medium-throughput Enumeration of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 14, 2016

A replication clock for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Wendy P Gill1, Nada S Harik, Molly R Whiddon

  • 1Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356523, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

Nature Medicine
|February 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis replicates throughout chronic infection, contrary to previous assumptions. This study developed a novel method to track bacterial replication dynamics in mice, revealing higher bacterial burdens than previously estimated.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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A Microscopic Phenotypic Assay for the Quantification of Intracellular Mycobacteria Adapted for High-throughput/High-content Screening

Published on: January 17, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Assessing chronic pathogen replication is crucial for understanding diseases like tuberculosis.
  • Current therapies for latent tuberculosis often assume minimal bacterial replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a novel method for monitoring Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication dynamics during chronic infection.
  • To accurately quantify bacterial growth and death rates in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an unstable plasmid, lost at a quantifiable rate from dividing Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the absence of antibiotic selection.
  • Applied a mathematical model to calculate bacterial growth and death rates in infected mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis replicates continuously throughout chronic infection in mice.
  • Revealed that the cumulative bacterial burden is significantly higher than colony-forming unit estimates.
  • Showed bacterial replication is actively restrained by the host immune system.

Conclusions:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis actively replicates during chronic infection, challenging previous assumptions.
  • The developed method provides a more accurate assessment of bacterial burden and replication dynamics.
  • This approach has potential applications for studying other chronic pathogens.