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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Simple integrated single-atom detector.

Marco Wilzbach¹, Dennis Heine, Sönke Groth

¹Atominstitut der Osterreichischen Universitäten, TU-Wien, Vienna, Austria.

|February 3, 2009

Summary

This study introduces a robust integrated fluorescence detector for single-atom detection. The device achieves high efficiency and signal-to-noise ratios for detecting rubidium atoms.

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Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

Published on: March 24, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Atomic Physics
Quantum Optics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Precise detection of single atoms is crucial for quantum technologies.
Existing methods often face limitations in efficiency and integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a reliable and robust integrated fluorescence detector for single-atom detection.
To achieve high detection efficiency and signal-to-noise ratios.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a tapered lensed single-mode fiber for excitation light delivery.
Employing a multimode fiber for fluorescence collection.
Integrating optical components within lithographically defined SU-8 structures on an atom chip.

Main Results:

Demonstrated detection of single 87Rb atoms propagating in a magnetic guide.
Achieved a maximum detection efficiency of up to 66%.
Obtained a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 100 for short integration times.

Conclusions:

The developed integrated fluorescence detector is reliable and robust.
The system shows significant potential for applications in quantum sensing and atom manipulation.