Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phloem and Sugar Transport

Phloem and Sugar Transport

Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.

Pollination and Flower Structure

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Highly clustered mating networks in naturally fragmented riparian tree populations.

Molecular ecology·2024

Same author

Seed predation-induced Allee effects, seed dispersal and masting jointly drive the diversity of seed sources during population expansion.

Journal of mathematical biology·2023

Same author

Sexual interference revealed by joint study of male and female pollination success in chestnut.

Molecular ecology·2022

Same author

A Review of the Developmental Processes and Selective Pressures Shaping Aperture Pattern in Angiosperms.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2022

Same author

Sex-specific spatial variation in fitness in the highly dimorphic Leucadendron rubrum.

Molecular ecology·2021

Same author

Weak founder effects but significant spatial genetic imprint of recent contraction and expansion of European beech populations.

Heredity·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Collection and Identification of Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies

Collection and Identification of Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies

Published on: January 19, 2021

Pollen dispersal in sugar beet production fields.

Henri Darmency¹, Etienne K Klein, Thierry Gestat De Garanbé

¹UMR 1210 Biologie et Gestion des Adventices, INRA, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon, France. darmency@dijon.inra.fr

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik

|February 3, 2009

Summary

Gene flow in sugar beet fields is significant for conservation and agriculture. This study shows pollen dispersal follows a power-law distribution, highlighting the need to manage herbicide-resistant bolters to prevent transgene spread to wild beets.

More Related Videos

Empirical, Metagenomic, and Computational Techniques Illuminate the Mechanisms by which Fungicides Compromise Bee Health

Empirical, Metagenomic, and Computational Techniques Illuminate the Mechanisms by which Fungicides Compromise Bee Health

Published on: October 9, 2017

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

Published on: July 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Collection and Identification of Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies

Collection and Identification of Pollen from Honey Bee Colonies

Published on: January 19, 2021

Empirical, Metagenomic, and Computational Techniques Illuminate the Mechanisms by which Fungicides Compromise Bee Health

Empirical, Metagenomic, and Computational Techniques Illuminate the Mechanisms by which Fungicides Compromise Bee Health

Published on: October 9, 2017

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

Published on: July 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Breeding
Conservation Biology

Background:

Pollen-mediated gene flow is crucial for managing crop traits and biodiversity.
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) readily intercrosses with wild and weed beet relatives.
Understanding transgene dispersal is vital for assessing ecological risks and agricultural sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify pollen dispersal from herbicide-resistant sugar beet.
To model gene flow dynamics in agricultural and wild landscapes.
To inform strategies for managing transgene containment.

Main Methods:

Experimental release of herbicide-resistant sugar beet pollen.
Placement of male-sterile target plants at distances up to 1,200 m.
Statistical analysis of seed set and pollen dispersal functions.
Literature survey on pollen dispersal models.

Main Results:

Pollen dispersal followed a power-law distribution, indicating reduced pollen viability with distance.
Pollen limitation was observed at all distances from the source.
Background pollen fertilization was uniform, with airborne pollen impact equivalent to one adjacent bolter.
Long-distance pollen flow is significant for transgene dispersal.

Conclusions:

Managing bolting, herbicide-resistant sugar beet is essential to prevent herbicide-resistant weed beet.
Effective containment strategies are needed to preserve the utility of resistant varieties.
Further large-scale studies are warranted to assess the attainability of complete containment.