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Related Concept Videos

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
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Evaluation of Amino Acid Consumption in Cultured Bone Cells and Isolated Bone Shafts
06:32

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Published on: April 13, 2022

Kidney amino acid transport.

François Verrey1, Dustin Singer, Tamara Ramadan

  • 1Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland. verrey@access.uzh.ch

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|February 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Kidney proximal tubules reabsorb amino acids using luminal transporters like B(0)AT1, which require an accessory protein, collectrin, for surface expression. Mutations in B(0)AT1 and collectrin explain varying intestinal symptoms in Hartnup disease patients.

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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
13:16

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Published on: December 31, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Kidney proximal tubules are crucial for amino acid reabsorption, utilizing luminal and basolateral transporters.
  • This transport system is similar to that found in the small intestine.
  • Other transporters handle specialized metabolic functions and cellular maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the requirement of accessory proteins for the surface expression of luminal amino acid transporters in kidney proximal tubules.
  • To explore the role of collectrin as an accessory subunit for SLC6 family transporters.
  • To understand the molecular basis for differential intestinal phenotypes in Hartnup disease.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the surface expression of luminal Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid transporters (SLC6 family).
  • Identified collectrin (TMEM27) as a required accessory protein for transporters like B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19), SIT1 (SLC6A20), and B(0)AT3 (SLC6A18).
  • Examined the homology between collectrin and ACE2, and analyzed the impact of B(0)AT1 mutations on interactions with accessory subunits.

Main Results:

  • Luminal Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid transporters of the SLC6 family require an associated protein for surface expression.
  • Collectrin (TMEM27) acts as this accessory subunit, homologous to ACE2.
  • Mutations in B(0)AT1 show differential interactions with accessory subunits, explaining varied intestinal phenotypes in Hartnup patients.

Conclusions:

  • Collectrin is essential for the surface expression of key luminal amino acid transporters in kidney proximal tubules.
  • The interaction between transporters and accessory subunits like collectrin is critical for proper amino acid reabsorption and cellular function.
  • Understanding these interactions provides insights into genetic disorders affecting amino acid transport.