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Contamination of Marek's disease vaccine suspensions with Enterococcus faecalis and its possible role in amyloid

W J Landman, K T Veldman, D J Mevius

    Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A
    |February 3, 2009
    PubMed

    Insights

    Enterococcus faecalis contamination in hatchery environments and Marek

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Microbiology
    • Poultry Health
    • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium that can cause disease in poultry.
    • Amyloid arthropathy is a condition affecting joints in chickens.
    • Hatchery procedures, including vaccination, are critical control points for disease prevention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and levels of Enterococcus faecalis contamination in hatchery environments.
    • To assess the potential for Enterococcus faecalis contamination of Marek's disease vaccines.
    • To explore the link between contaminated vaccines and amyloid arthropathy in chickens.

    Main Methods:

    • Sampling of hatchery air, Marek's disease vaccine suspensions, and injection needles.
    • Quantification of Enterococcus faecalis using colony forming units (cfu).
    • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for molecular typing of Enterococcus faecalis strains.

    Main Results:

    • Variable levels of Enterococcus faecalis contamination were detected in air, vaccine, and needles.
    • Contamination levels ranged from <500 to 10^6 cfu/m^3 in air, <10 to 10^6 cfu/ml in vaccines, and 9500 to 61000 cfu/needle.
    • PFGE analysis revealed a predominant strain in one hatchery and an isolate similar to known amyloid arthropathy-inducing strains.

    Conclusions:

    • Marek's disease vaccination may represent an infection route for arthropathic and amyloidogenic Enterococcus faecalis in one-day-old chickens.
    • Contaminated vaccines could contribute to the development of amyloid arthropathy.
    • Molecular typing suggests potential for transmission of specific Enterococcus faecalis strains within hatcheries.

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