Ultrastructural binding site of pemphigus foliaceus autoantibodies: comparison with pemphigus vulgaris

We studied in vivo binding sites of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) autoantibodies by immuno-gold labelling technique, and compared them with those of pemphigus vulgaris (PV). In early acantholytic lesions of PF, the bound antibodies indicated by 5 nm protein A-colloidal gold particles were observed on the surface of keratinocytes, with particular affinity for desmosomes and separated attachment plaques. Nondesmosomal cell surfaces were sparsely labeled with the gold particles. A similar binding pattern was seen in the epidermal sheets obtained from a PV patient utilizing the Nikolsky phenomenon. These findings indicate that both PF and PV antigen-antibody complexes are densely located on the desmosomal areas in early pemphigus lesions, suggesting the pathogenic importance of functional impairment of desmosomes by the autoantibodies.