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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Controlled Rotation of Human Observers in a Virtual Reality Environment

Controlled Rotation of Human Observers in a Virtual Reality Environment

Published on: April 21, 2022

Invisible motion contributes to simultaneous motion contrast.

Takahiro Kawabe¹, Yuki Yamada

¹Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. tkawabe@psycho.hes.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Consciousness and Cognition

|February 3, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Even when invisible, motion stimuli can alter visual perception through simultaneous motion contrast. However, observers cannot consciously perceive the direction of invisible motion.

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Area of Science:

Visual perception
Motion perception
Psychophysics

Background:

Spatial interactions between visual stimuli can influence appearance.
Simultaneous motion contrast is a phenomenon where perceived motion direction is affected by surrounding motion.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if invisible motion stimuli affect visible motion appearance.
To determine if observers can consciously perceive the direction of invisible motion.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous motion contrast was induced using a mirror stereoscope.
A peripheral inducer grating was rendered invisible using continuous flashes.
Observers reported the perceived motion direction of a visible test grating.

Main Results:

Simultaneous motion contrast occurred even when the inducer motion was subjectively invisible.
Observers were unable to correctly report the direction of the invisible inducer motion.

Conclusions:

Invisible motion stimuli can influence visual perception.
Conscious perception of motion direction is necessary for accurate reporting.