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Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes (A. aegypti) and Infection Phenotype Determination

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes (A. aegypti) and Infection Phenotype Determination

Published on: July 4, 2007

Modeling gene sequence changes over time in type 3 dengue viruses from Ecuador.

Alvaro Fajardo¹, Ricardo Recarey, Domenica de Mora

¹Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Igua 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.

|February 3, 2009

Summary

Dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) re-emerged in Latin America, showing rapid spread and high evolutionary rates. This study analyzed DENV-3 genotype III strains to understand its transmission dynamics and origins in the region.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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Published on: March 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Molecular Evolution

Background:

Dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3), a member of the Flaviviridae family, re-emerged in Central America in 1994 and has since spread into South America.
Limited information exists regarding the evolutionary rates, viral spread, and population dynamics of DENV-3 genotype III in the Latin American region.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolutionary rates, population dynamics, and spread of DENV-3 genotype III in Latin America.
To determine the origin and historical spread of DENV-3 in the region using molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Main Methods:

Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach was employed.
Analysis of envelope (E) gene sequences from DENV-3 genotype III strains from Ecuador, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Peru.
Phylogenetic analysis to infer evolutionary rates and population dynamics.

Main Results:

The expansion population growth model best described the data.
The most common recent ancestor (MRCA) was estimated to be around 1989, aligning with DENV-3 emergence reports.
A mean evolutionary rate of 1.033 x 10^-3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year was calculated, which is higher than rates for DENV-2 and DENV-4 in the same region.

Conclusions:

DENV-3 genotype III exhibits rapid population growth and dispersal, contributing to its vigorous transmission dynamics in Latin America.
The findings provide crucial insights into the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary history of DENV-3 in the region.
Understanding these dynamics is essential for effective dengue control strategies.