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Related Concept Videos

Ascites01:19

Ascites

DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
Portal Hypertension01:22

Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of an Algorithm to Perform a Comprehensive Study of Autonomic Dysreflexia in Animals with High Spinal Cord Injury Using a Telemetry Device
06:51

Development of an Algorithm to Perform a Comprehensive Study of Autonomic Dysreflexia in Animals with High Spinal Cord Injury Using a Telemetry Device

Published on: July 29, 2016

Intra-abdominal hypertension: evolving concepts.

Manu L N G Malbrain1, Inneke E De laet

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen, Campus Stuivenberg, Antwerpen, Belgium. manu.malbrain@skynet.be

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|February 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes current knowledge on abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), detailing definitions, causes, and treatments for increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). It provides critical care physicians with insights into managing IAH and ACS.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of an Algorithm to Perform a Comprehensive Study of Autonomic Dysreflexia in Animals with High Spinal Cord Injury Using a Telemetry Device
06:51

Development of an Algorithm to Perform a Comprehensive Study of Autonomic Dysreflexia in Animals with High Spinal Cord Injury Using a Telemetry Device

Published on: July 29, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Surgical pathology

Background:

  • Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is increasingly recognized beyond surgical trauma.
  • Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) can lead to multi-organ dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
  • To outline definitions and recommendations from the World Society for the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome.
  • To provide critical care physicians with current knowledge on IAH and ACS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent publications.
  • Analysis of definitions for increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP).
  • Overview of organ dysfunction mechanisms in IAH.

Main Results:

  • Definitions of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) are presented.
  • Mechanisms of organ dysfunction in intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) are discussed.
  • IAP measurement techniques, organ support, and treatment options for IAH are reviewed.

Conclusions:

  • ACS is a critical condition with evolving understanding.
  • Current guidelines offer a framework for diagnosis and management of IAH.
  • Physicians need updated knowledge on IAH and ACS for effective patient care.