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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia01:24

Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia

DysplasiaDysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells, characterized by pleomorphism, nuclear abnormalities, and increased mitotic activity. It commonly affects epithelial tissues, including the cervix, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory mucosa, and endometrium. Although it may occur alongside hyperplasia, dysplasia is not a true adaptive response but a preneoplastic change with potential to progress to cancer.When confined above the basement...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
11:15

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Pulmonary adenocarcinomas: classification and reporting.

Keith M Kerr1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Aberdeen University Medical School, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. k.kerr@abdn.ac.uk

Histopathology
|February 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma diagnosis is complex, especially on small biopsies. Accurate classification of lung adenocarcinoma subtypes is crucial for effective treatment and prognosis, necessitating detailed reporting of histological features.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
11:15

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pulmonary adenocarcinoma is the most common and diverse primary lung cancer.
  • Histological complexity and limited tissue in small biopsies challenge accurate diagnosis and classification.
  • Current WHO classification inadequately addresses clinically relevant biological factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight diagnostic challenges in pulmonary adenocarcinoma, particularly on small biopsy specimens.
  • To discuss the limitations of the current WHO classification regarding prognostic and biological factors.
  • To emphasize the need for improved diagnostic accuracy and detailed reporting for histology-specific therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and classification systems for pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges related to tumor architecture, patterns (e.g., BAC), and invasion in small samples.
  • Discussion of the prognostic significance of various histological features and patterns.

Main Results:

  • Pure bronchioloalveolar pattern is now adenocarcinoma-in-situ; invasive types may have BAC elements with better prognosis.
  • Micropapillary patterns in small tumors indicate poor prognosis, but this is not consistent in larger tumors.
  • Identifying minimal invasion in early-stage tumors is difficult but may not significantly impact prognosis, suggesting a 'minimally invasive' category.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma on small biopsies is challenging but essential due to histology-specific treatments.
  • The current classification needs refinement to incorporate clinically relevant histological details and prognostic indicators.
  • Detailed reporting of quantitative pattern sub-types in resected tumors is recommended to improve patient management and therapeutic selection.